Immunotherapy is an exciting recent development for the treatment of cancer, with proven efficacy for a range of cancers. Dr Misty Jenkins and her team of researchers from WEHI (formerly the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research) is developing a type of immunotherapy known as CAR-T cell therapy for brain cancer. The treatment involves taking a sample of blood, purifying the immune cells and genetically re-engineering (supercharging) the cells in the laboratory for improved tumour recognition and killing. These improved targets are identified from analysis of tumour biopsies, rather than tumour cells grown in culture that can change over time. The CAR T cells are then grown in large numbers and infused into the blood stream and make their way into the brain and the tumour.